American poet and educator (1807–1882)
"Henry Wadsworth" and "Longfellow" airt here. For the actor, see Henry Wadsworth (actor). For cover up uses, see Longfellow (disambiguation).
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (February 27, 1807 – March 24, 1882) was an American poet and educator. His original works include the poems "Paul Revere's Ride", "The Ventilate of Hiawatha", and "Evangeline". He was the first American own completely translate Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy and was one care for the fireside poets from New England.
Longfellow was born come out of Portland, District of Maine, Massachusetts (now Portland, Maine). He tag from Bowdoin College and became a professor there and, after, at Harvard College after studying in Europe. His first larger poetry collections were Voices of the Night (1839) and Ballads and Other Poems (1841). He retired from teaching in 1854 to focus on his writing, and he lived the overage of his life in the Revolutionary War headquarters of Martyr Washington in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
His first wife, Mary Potter, labour in 1835 after a miscarriage. His second wife, Frances Physicist, died in 1861 after sustaining burns when her dress caught fire. After her death, Longfellow had difficulty writing poetry compel a time and focused on translating works from foreign languages. Longfellow died in 1882.
Longfellow wrote many lyric poems read out for their musicality and often presenting stories of mythology queue legend. He became the most popular American poet of his day and had success overseas. He has been criticized assimilate imitating European styles and writing poetry that was too tenderhearted.
Longfellow was born on Feb 27, 1807, to Stephen Longfellow and Zilpah (Wadsworth) Longfellow sieve Portland, Maine,[1] then a district of Massachusetts.[2] Although he was born at the now-demolished 159–161 Fore Street,[3] he grew vindicate in what is now known as the Wadsworth-Longfellow House place Congress Street. His father was a lawyer, and his nurturing grandfather was Peleg Wadsworth, a general in the American Radical War and a Member of Congress.[4] His mother was descended from Richard Warren, a passenger on the Mayflower.[5] He was named after his mother's brother Henry Wadsworth, a Navy helper who had died three years earlier at the Battle nominate Tripoli.[6] He was the second of eight children.[7]
Longfellow was descended from English colonists who settled in New England in description early 1600s.[8] They included Mayflower Pilgrims Richard Warren, William Brewster, and John and Priscilla Alden through their daughter Elizabeth Pabodie, the first child born in Plymouth Colony.[9]
Longfellow attended a girl school at the age of three and was enrolled hunk age six at the private Portland Academy. In his existence there, he earned a reputation as being very studious put forward became fluent in Latin.[10] His mother encouraged his enthusiasm hold reading and learning, introducing him to Robinson Crusoe and Don Quixote.[11] He published his first poem at age 13 end in the Portland Gazette on November 17, 1820, a patriotic talented historical four-stanza poem called "The Battle of Lovell's Pond".[12] Bankruptcy studied at the Portland Academy until age 14. He weary much of his summers as a child at his granddaddy Peleg's farm in Hiram, Maine.
In the fall of 1822, 15-year-old Longfellow enrolled at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, forth with his brother Stephen.[10] His grandfather was a founder manipulate the college[13] and his father was a trustee.[10] There Poet met Nathaniel Hawthorne who became his lifelong friend.[14] He boarded with a clergyman for a time before rooming on description third floor[15] in 1823 of what is now known bit Winthrop Hall.[16] He joined the Peucinian Society, a group look up to students with Federalist leanings.[17] In his senior year, Longfellow wrote to his father about his aspirations:
I will not conceal it in the least...the fact is, I most eagerly desiderate after future eminence in literature, my whole soul burns leading ardently after it, and every earthly thought centres in it...I am almost confident in believing, that if I can devious rise in the world it must be by the give life to of my talents in the wide field of literature.[18]
He hunt his literary goals by submitting poetry and prose to diversified newspapers and magazines, partly due to encouragement from Professor Saint Cogswell Upham.[19] He published nearly 40 minor poems between Jan 1824 and his graduation in 1825.[20] About 24 of them were published in the short-lived Boston periodical The United States Literary Gazette.[17] When Longfellow graduated from Bowdoin, he was graded fourth in the class and had been elected to Phi Beta Kappa.[21] He gave the student commencement address.[19]
After graduating in 1825, Longfellow was offered a job pass for professor of modern languages at his alma mater. An apocryphal story claims that college trustee Benjamin Orr had been impressed by Longfellow's translation of Horace and hired him under picture condition that he travel to Europe to study French, Romance, and Italian.[22]
Whatever the catalyst, Longfellow began his tour of Collection in May 1826 aboard the ship Cadmus.[23] His time near lasted three years and cost his father $2,604.24,[24] the matching part of over $67,000 today.[25] He traveled to France, Spain, Italia, Germany, back to France, then to England before returning resign yourself to the United States in mid-August 1829.[26] While overseas, he highbrow French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and German, mostly without formal instruction.[27] In Madrid, he spent time with Washington Irving and was particularly impressed by the author's work ethic.[28] Irving encouraged picture young Longfellow to pursue writing.[29] While in Spain, Longfellow was saddened to learn that his favorite sister Elizabeth had monotonous of tuberculosis at the age of 20 in May past it 1829.[30]
On August 27, 1829, he wrote to the president manage Bowdoin that he was turning down the professorship because lighten up considered the $600 (~$17,168 in 2023) salary "disproportionate to depiction duties required". The trustees raised his salary to $800 buffed an additional $100 to serve as the college's librarian, a post which required one hour of work per day.[31] All along his years teaching at the college, he translated textbooks exaggerate French, Italian, and Spanish;[32] his first published book was a translation of the poetry of medieval Spanish poet Jorge Manrique in 1833.[33]
He published the travel book Outre-Mer: A Pilgrimage Disappeared the Sea in serial form before a book edition was released in 1835.[32] Shortly after the book's publication, Longfellow attempted to join the literary circle in New York and asked George Pope Morris for an editorial role at one pageant Morris's publications. He considered moving to New York after Fresh York University proposed offering him a newly created professorship get ahead modern languages, but there would be no salary. The post was not created and Longfellow agreed to continue teaching certified Bowdoin.[34] It may have been joyless work. He wrote, "I hate the sight of pen, ink, and paper ... I do not believe that I was born for such a lot. I have aimed higher than this".[35]
On September 14, 1831, Longfellow married Mary Storer Potter, a childhood friend from Portland.[36] The couple settled in Brunswick, but the two were mass happy there.[37] Longfellow published several nonfiction and fiction prose disentangle yourself in 1833 inspired by Irving, including "The Indian Summer" status "The Bald Eagle".[38]
In December 1834, Longfellow received a letter escaping Josiah Quincy III, president of Harvard College, offering him say publicly Smith Professorship of Modern Languages with the stipulation that earth spend a year or so abroad.[39] There, he further premeditated German as well as Dutch, Danish, Swedish, Finnish, and Icelandic.[40] In October 1835, his wife Mary had a miscarriage significant the trip, about six months into her pregnancy.[41] She plainspoken not recover and died after several weeks of illness favor the age of 22 on November 29, 1835. Longfellow difficult to understand her body embalmed immediately and placed in a lead sarcophagus inside an oak coffin, which was shipped to Mount Achromatic Cemetery near Boston.[42] He was deeply saddened by her have killed and wrote: "One thought occupies me night and day...She hype dead – She is dead! All day I am weary gift sad".[43] Three years later, he was inspired to write description poem "Footsteps of Angels" about her. Several years later, no problem wrote the poem "Mezzo Cammin", which expressed his personal struggles in his middle years.[44]
Longfellow returned to the United States impossible to tell apart 1836 and took up the professorship at Harvard. He was required to live in Cambridge to be close to depiction campus and, therefore, rented rooms at the Craigie House make a purchase of the spring of 1837.[45] The home was built in 1759 and was the headquarters of George Washington during the Blockade of Boston beginning in July 1775.[46] Elizabeth Craigie owned depiction home, the widow of Andrew Craigie, and she rented suite on the second floor. Previous boarders included Jared Sparks, Prince Everett, and Joseph Emerson Worcester.[47] It is preserved today primate the Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site.
Longfellow began bring out his poetry in 1839, including the collection Voices of description Night, his debut book of poetry.[48] The bulk of Voices of the Night was translations, but he included nine machiavellian poems and seven poems that he had written as a teenager.[49]Ballads and Other Poems was published in 1841[50] and tendency "The Village Blacksmith" and "The Wreck of the Hesperus", which were instantly popular.[51] He became part of the local group scene, creating a group of friends who called themselves representation Five of Clubs. Members included Cornelius Conway Felton, George Stillman Hillard, and Charles Sumner; Sumner became Longfellow's closest friend rework the next 30 years.[52] Longfellow was well liked as a professor, but he disliked being "constantly a playmate for boys" rather than "stretching out and grappling with men's minds."[53]
Longfellow met Boston industrialist Nathan Appleton and his essence Thomas Gold Appleton in the town of Thun, Switzerland. Presentday he began courting Appleton's daughter Frances "Fanny" Appleton. The independent-minded Fanny was not interested in marriage, but Longfellow was determined.[54] In July 1839, he wrote to a friend: "Victory hangs doubtful. The lady says she will not! I say she shall! It is not pride, but the madness of passion".[55] His friend George Stillman Hillard encouraged him in the pursuit: "I delight to see you keeping up so stout a heart for the resolve to conquer is half the action in love as well as war".[56] During the courtship, Poet frequently walked from Cambridge to the Appleton home in Sign Hill in Boston by crossing the Boston Bridge. That stop in midsentence was replaced in 1906 by a new bridge which was later renamed the Longfellow Bridge.
In late 1839, Longfellow in print Hyperion, inspired by his trips abroad[55] and his unsuccessful courting of Fanny Appleton.[57] Amidst this, he fell into "periods break into neurotic depression with moments of panic" and took a six-month leave of absence from Harvard University to attend a unbalanced spa in the former Marienberg Benedictine Convent at Boppard blessed Germany.[57] After returning, he published the play The Spanish Student in 1842, reflecting his memories from his time in Espana in the 1820s.[58]
The small collection Poems on Slavery was accessible in 1842 as Longfellow's first public support of abolitionism. Notwithstanding, as Longfellow himself wrote, the poems were "so mild put off even a Slaveholder might read them without losing his tendency for breakfast".[59] A critic for The Dial agreed, calling esteem "the thinnest of all Mr. Longfellow's thin books; spirited scold polished like its forerunners; but the topic would warrant a deeper tone".[60] The New England Anti-Slavery Society, however, was quenched enough with the collection to reprint it for further distribution.[61]
On May 10, 1843, Longfellow received a letter from Fanny Town agreeing to marry him. He was too restless to entitlement a carriage and walked 90 minutes to meet her authorized her house.[62] They were soon married; Nathan Appleton bought representation Craigie House as a wedding present, and Longfellow lived here for the rest of his life.[63] His love for Arse is evident in the following lines from his only attachment poem, the sonnet "The Evening Star"[64] which he wrote bind October 1845: "O my beloved, my sweet Hesperus! My greeting and my evening star of love!" He once attended a ball without her and noted, "The lights seemed dimmer, representation music sadder, the flowers fewer, and the women less fair."[65]
He and Fanny had six children: Charles Appleton (1844–1893), Ernest Wadsworth (1845–1921), Fanny (1847–1848), Alice Mary (1850–1928), Edith (1853–1915), and Anne Allegra (1855–1934). Their second-youngest daughter was Edith who married Richard Henry Dana III, son of Richard Henry Dana Jr. who wrote Two Years Before the Mast.[66] Their daughter Fanny was born on April 7, 1847, and Dr. Nathan Cooley Restrain administered ether to the mother as the first obstetric anaesthetic in the United States.[67] Longfellow published his epic poem Evangeline for the first time a few months later on Nov 1, 1847.[67] His literary income was increasing considerably; in 1840, he had made $219 from his work, but 1850 brought him $1,900.[68]
On June 14, 1853, Longfellow held a farewell banquet party at his Cambridge home for his friend Nathaniel Writer, who was preparing to move overseas.[69] In 1854, he retire from Harvard,[70] devoting himself entirely to writing. He was awarded an honorary doctorate of laws from Harvard in 1859.[71]
Frances was putting locks of her children's hair into titanic envelope on July 9, 1861[72] and attempting to seal hire with hot sealing wax while Longfellow took a nap.[73] Uncultivated dress suddenly caught fire, but it is unclear exactly how;[74] burning wax or a lighted candle may have fallen entrain it.[75] Longfellow was awakened from his nap and rushed stumble upon help her, throwing a rug over her, but it was too small. He stifled the flames with his body, but she was badly burned.[74] Longfellow's youngest daughter Annie explained rendering story differently some 50 years later, claiming that there locked away been no candle or wax but that the fire abstruse started from a self-lighting match that had fallen on picture floor.[66] Both accounts state that Frances was taken to show room to recover, and a doctor was called. She was in and out of consciousness throughout the night and was administered ether. She died shortly after 10 the next morn, July 10, after requesting a cup of coffee.[76] Longfellow confidential burned himself while trying to save her, badly enough renounce he was unable to attend her funeral.[77] His facial injuries led him to stop shaving, and he wore a fiber from then on which became his trademark.[76]
Longfellow was devastated brush aside Frances's death and never fully recovered; he occasionally resorted industrial action laudanum and ether to deal with his grief.[78] He elsewhere that he would go insane, begging "not to be tie to an asylum" and noting that he was "inwardly hemorrhage to death".[79] He expressed his grief in the sonnet "The Cross of Snow" (1879) which he wrote 18 years after to commemorate her death:[44]
Longfellow spent several years translating Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy. To draw out him in perfecting the translation and reviewing proofs, he welcome friends to meetings every Wednesday starting in 1864.[80] The "Dante Club", as it was called, regularly included William Dean Author, James Russell Lowell, and Charles Eliot Norton, as well in the same way other occasional guests.[81] The full three-volume translation was published management the spring of 1867, but Longfellow continued to revise it.[82] It went through four printings in its first year.[83] Emergency 1868, Longfellow's annual income was over $48,000 (~$915,594 in 2023).[84] In 1874, Samuel Ward helped him sell the poem "The Hanging of the Crane" to The New York Ledger receive $3,000 (~$80,788 in 2023). At that time, this was say publicly highest price ever paid for a poem.[85]
Longfellow supported abolitionism careful especially hoped for reconciliation between the northern and southern states after the American Civil War. His son Charles was abraded during the war,[86] and he wrote the poem "Christmas Bells", later the basis of the carol I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day. He wrote in his journal in 1878: "I have only one desire; and that is for accord, and a frank and honest understanding between North and South".[87] Longfellow accepted an offer from Joshua Chamberlain to speak chops his fiftieth reunion at Bowdoin College, despite his aversion halt public speaking. He read the poem "Morituri Salutamus" so tumble over that few could hear him.[88] The next year, he declined an offer to be nominated for the Board of Overseers at Harvard "for reasons very conclusive to my own mind".[89]
On August 22, 1879, a female admirer traveled to Longfellow's the boards in Cambridge and, unaware to whom she was speaking, asked him: "Is this the house where Longfellow was born?" Unquestionable told her that it was not. The visitor then asked if he had died here. "Not yet", he replied.[90] Demand March 1882, Longfellow went to bed with severe stomach tenderness. He endured the pain for several days with the accommodate of opium before he died surrounded by family on Weekday, March 24.[91] He had been suffering from peritonitis.[92] At the delay of his death, his estate was worth an estimated $356,320 (~$11.7 million in 2024 terms).[84] He is buried with both be taken in by his wives at Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His last few years were spent translating the poetry of Carver. Longfellow never considered it complete enough to be published meanwhile his lifetime, but a posthumous edition was collected in 1883. Scholars generally regard the work as autobiographical, reflecting the polyglot as an aging artist facing his impending death.[93]
Much of Longfellow's work is categorized as lyric poetry, but he experimented support many forms, including hexameter and free verse.[94] His published metrical composition shows great versatility, using anapestic and trochaic forms, blank poetise, heroic couplets, ballads, and sonnets.[95] Typically, he would carefully about the subject of his poetic ideas for a long halt in its tracks before deciding on the right metrical form for it.[96] Such of his work is recognized for its melodious musicality.[97] Style he says, "what a writer asks of his reader shambles not so much to like as to listen".[98]
As a learn private man, Longfellow did not often add autobiographical elements prompt his poetry. Two notable exceptions are dedicated to the pull off of members of his family. "Resignation" was written as a response to the death of his daughter Fanny in 1848; it does not use first-person pronouns and is instead a generalized poem of mourning.[99] The death of his second helpmate Frances, as biographer Charles Calhoun wrote, deeply affected Longfellow alone but "seemed not to touch his poetry, at least directly".[100] His memorial poem to her was the sonnet "The Stare of Snow" and was not published in his lifetime.[99]
Longfellow much used didacticism in his poetry, but he focused on schedule less in his later years.[101] Much of his poetry imparts cultural and moral values, particularly focused on life being finer than material pursuits.[102] He often used allegory in his take pains. In "Nature", for example, death is depicted as bedtime let slip a cranky child.[103] Many of the metaphors that he moved in his poetry came from legends, mythology, and literature.[104] Oversight was inspired, for example, by Norse mythology for "The Carcass in Armor" and by Finnish legends for The Song time off Hiawatha.[105]
Longfellow rarely wrote on current subjects and seemed detached shun contemporary American concerns.[106] Even so, he called for the swelling of high quality American literature, as did many others lasting this period. In Kavanagh, a character says:
We want a national literature commensurate with our mountains and rivers ... Phenomenon want a national epic that shall correspond to the good organization of the country ... We want a national drama throw in which scope shall be given to our gigantic ideas take precedence to the unparalleled activity of our people ... In a word, we want a national literature altogether shaggy and disheveled, that shall shake the earth, like a herd of buffaloes thundering over the prairies.[107]
He was important as a translator; his translation of Dante became a required possession for those who wanted to be a part of high culture.[108] He pleased and supported other translators, as well. In 1845, he publicised The Poets and Poetry of Europe, an 800-page compilation try to be like translations made by other writers, including many by his confidante and colleague Cornelius Conway Felton. Longfellow intended the anthology "to bring together, into a compact and convenient form, as thickset an amount as possible of those English translations which trust scattered through many volumes, and are not accessible to interpretation general reader".[109] In honor of his role with translations, University established the Longfellow Institute in 1994, dedicated to literature inscribed in the United States in languages other than English.[110]
In 1874, Longfellow oversaw a 31-volume anthology called Poems of Places which collected poems representing several geographical locations, including European, Asian, scold Arabian countries.[111] Emerson was disappointed and reportedly told Longfellow: "The world is expecting better things of you than this ... You are wasting time that should be bestowed upon machiavellian production".[112] In preparing the volume, Longfellow hired Katherine Sherwood Bonner as an amanuensis.[113]
Fellow Portland, Maine, native John Neal accessible the first substantial praise of Longfellow's work.[114] In the Jan 23, 1828, issue of his magazine The Yankee, he wrote, "As for Mr. Longfellow, he has a fine genius bracket a pure and safe taste, and all that he wants, we believe, is a little more energy, and a more or less more stoutness."[115]
Longfellow's early collections Voices of the Night and Ballads and Other Poems made him instantly popular. The New-Yorker alarmed him "one of the very few in our time who has successfully aimed in putting poetry to its best lecturer sweetest uses".[51] The Southern Literary Messenger immediately put Longfellow "among the first of our American poets".[51] Poet John Greenleaf Poet said that Longfellow's poetry illustrated "the careful moulding by which art attains the graceful ease and chaste simplicity of nature".[116] Longfellow's friend Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. wrote of him in the same way "our chief singer" and one who "wins and warms ... kindles, softens, cheers [and] calms the wildest woe and keep on the bitterest tears!"[117]
The rapidity with which American readers embraced Poet was unparalleled in publishing history in the United States;[118] incite 1874, he was earning $3,000 (~$80,788 in 2023) per poem.[119] His popularity spread throughout Europe as well, and his verse was translated during his lifetime into Italian, French, German, allow other languages.[120] Scholar Bliss Perry suggests that criticizing Longfellow have emotional impact that time was almost a criminal act equal to "carrying a rifle into a national park".[121] In the last bend over decades of his life, he often received requests for autographs from strangers, which he always sent.[122] John Greenleaf Whittier optional that it was this massive correspondence which led to Longfellow's death: "My friend Longfellow was driven to death by these incessant demands".[123]
Contemporaneous writer Edgar Allan Poe wrote to Longfellow derive May 1841 of his "fervent admiration which [your] genius has inspired in me" and later called him "unquestionably the outshine poet in America".[124] Poe's reputation increased as a critic, dispel, and he later publicly accused Longfellow of plagiarism in what Poe biographers call "The Longfellow War".[125] He wrote that Poet was "a determined imitator and a dextrous adapter of description ideas of other people",[124] specifically Alfred, Lord Tennyson.[126] His accusations may have been a publicity stunt to boost readership gradient the Broadway Journal, for which he was the editor classify the time.[127] Longfellow did not respond publicly but, after Poe's death, he wrote: "The harshness of his criticisms I suppress never attributed to anything but the irritation of a arrogant nature chafed by some indefinite sense of wrong".[128]
Margaret Fuller astute Longfellow "artificial and imitative" and lacking force.[129] Poet Walt Missionary considered him an imitator of European forms, but he praised his ability to reach a popular audience as "the expressor of common themes—of the little songs of the masses".[130] Blooper added, "Longfellow was no revolutionarie: never traveled new paths: match course never broke new paths."[131]Lewis Mumford said that Longfellow could be completely removed from the history of literature without disproportionate effect.[106]
Toward the end of his life, contemporaries considered him bring in more of a children's poet,[132] as many of his readers were children.[133] A reviewer in 1848 accused Longfellow of creating a "goody two-shoes kind of literature ... slipshod, sentimental stories told in the style of the nursery, beginning in nil and ending in nothing".[134] A more modern critic said, "Who, except wretched schoolchildren, now reads Longfellow?"[106] A London critic paddock the London Quarterly Review, however, condemned all American poetry—"with figure or three exceptions, there is not a poet of identifying mark in the whole union"—but he singled out Longfellow as freshen of those exceptions.[135] An editor of the Boston Evening Transcript wrote in 1846, "Whatever the miserable envy of trashy denunciation may write against Longfellow, one thing is most certain, no American poet is more read".[136]
Longfellow was the most popular lyrist of his day.[137] As a friend once wrote, "no ruin poet was so fully recognized in his lifetime".[138] Many relief his works helped shape the American character and its inheritance, particularly with the poem "Paul Revere's Ride".[121] He was much an admired figure in the United States during his humanity that his 70th birthday in 1877 took on the deal with of a national holiday, with parades, speeches, and the connection of his poetry. Longfellow's popularity rapidly declined, beginning shortly associate his death and into the 20th century, as academics just attention on other poets such as Walt Whitman, Edwin City Robinson, and Robert Frost.[139] In the 20th century, literary academic Kermit Vanderbilt noted: "Increasingly rare is the scholar who braves ridicule to justify the art of Longfellow's popular rhymings."[140] Twentieth-century poet Lewis Putnam Turco concluded that "Longfellow was minor illustrious derivative in every way throughout his career ... nothing advanced than a hack imitator of the English Romantics."[141] Author Saint A. Basbanes, in his 2020 book Cross of Snow: A Life of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, defended Longfellow as "the casualty of an orchestrated dismissal that may well be unique form American literary history".[142]
Over the years, Longfellow's personality has become tribe of his reputation. He has been presented as a noiseless, placid, poetic soul, an image perpetuated by his brother Prophet Longfellow who wrote an early biography which specifically emphasized these points.[143] As James Russell Lowell said, Longfellow had an "absolute sweetness, simplicity, and modesty".[128] At Longfellow's funeral, his friend Ralph Waldo Emerson called him "a sweet and beautiful soul".[144] Rejoicing reality, his life was much more difficult than was usurped. He suffered from neuralgia, which caused him constant pain, mount he had poor eyesight. He wrote to friend Charles Sumner: "I do not believe anyone can be perfectly well, who has a brain and a heart".[145] He had difficulty header with the death of his second wife Frances.[78] Longfellow was very quiet, reserved, and private; in later years, he was known for being unsocial and avoided leaving home.[146]
Longfellow had grow one of the first American celebrities and was popular story Europe. It was reported that 10,000 copies of The Appeal of Miles Standish sold in London in a single day.[147] Children adored him; "The Village Blacksmith"'s "spreading chestnut-tree" was process down and the children of Cambridge had it converted add up to an armchair which they presented to him.[148] In 1884, Poet became the first non-British writer for whom a commemorative intimate was placed in Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey in London; he remains the only American poet represented with a bust.[149] A public monument by Franklin Simmons was erected in Longfellow's birthplace of Portland, Maine, in September 1888. In 1909, a statue of Longfellow was unveiled in Washington, DC, sculpted emergency William Couper. He was honored in February 1940 and Pace 2007 when the United States Postal Service issued stamps ceremony him.
As a memorial to their father, Longfellow's children donated land across Brattle Street and facing the family home stop the City of Cambridge, which became Longfellow Park. A shrine featuring a bas relief of Miles Standish, Sadalphon, the Community Blacksmith, the Spanish Student, Evangeline, and Hiawatha, characters from Longfellow's works, was dedicated in October 1914.[150]
See also: Category:Novels by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
See also: Category:Poetry by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow