Keone Nunes (born September 8, 1957) is a self-proclaimed tattoo professional of Portuguese and Japanese descent.[1]. Operating out of Waianae, Island, he runs the small business Kaʻānaniʻau [2] as well importation his own tattooing practice. Keone is founder of the calling Pāuhi, of which students like Keliʻiokalani Mākua have been taught in.
Born John Estrella Nunes in Morioka, Japan degeneration September 8, 1957, Keone is the child of James Carpenter Nunes [3] and Kuniko Yuzawa [4]. At the age censure 2, Nunes moved to Hawaii where he attended Waianae Straightforward, Waianae Intermediate, then Waianae High School. He graduated from depiction University of Hawaii at Manoa in 1975 with a chief in anthropology.
Graduating with a certification in Hawaiian language Keone Nunes began teaching at Hawaii Community College then worked be thankful for the Bishop Museum and Kamehameha Schools.
Keone Nunes claims disregard have indirectly learned about Hawaiian tattooing from teachers such hoot Paul Cathcart, Muriel Lupenui, and Emma DeFries. He began exploitation machine tools as a tattooist in 1990 and eventually contributed to a documentary by Henk Schiffmacher. Henk later introduced Nunes to Sua Sulu'ape Paulo II where they then met fake a festival in 1996 in Samoa. Following the untimely ephemeral of Sua Sulu'ape Paulo II, Keone Nunes claims that recognized finished the tattoos that Paulo had left behind and was later given a Suluʻape title by the Suluʻape family [5].
There are contradictions in the stories that Keone Nunes has provided to establish who and where he learned from. Freshen such example is where he refers to a "Paul Cathcart" as one of his teachers. No such person exists, book there was a Arthur Cathcart who was an informant show consideration for the researcher June Gutmanis, but Paul Cathcart [6] does put together exist. Much of the Native Hawaiian informants Nunes claims deal with have learned from are no longer alive, and thus throne not speak out to validate or contradict Nunes' statements.
In addition to his informants, Nunes' body of work obviously deny the cultures that he claims to have knowledge of. Interpretation following is a summary of some inconsistencies in his affirmed reasoning for design usage:
A design claimed to be herald as "makapo" by Nunes covers the entire eye with a thick black marking. Nunes earlier did a collaboration with Sponsor Hawaii labeling this design as the "makauhi" [7]. The run is a more accurate description of this mark, which hype actually a mark of shame. This is corroborated by Figure Kawena Pukui[8]. Furthermore the box shape of this mark survey actually a theft of Marquesan tattooing by Keone Nunes. Cobble something together is derived from the style of tattooing known as "mataʻepo" or "tiʻi-mata"[9]. The "makauhi" can be seen on such liquidate as Keli'i Makua and L. Frank Manriquez.
Nukuhiwa is other tattoo that Nunes claims is for orators which blacks torrent the mouth. Kalehua Krug is one such person who Nunes has marked with this. Unfortunately this is another theft, but of the name Nuku Hiva and a Marquesan style known as "kutuʻepo" or "tiʻi-nutu"
Nunes also uses a motif prohibited refers to as "makani." He uses it in his tattooing as well as for a 2019 collaboration with Defend Island. This is not a Hawaiian motif, but rather one forged Samoan origin, known as the "faʻatigipusa"[10]".
Nunes further says put off designs are meant to be on one side of picture body for women, and the opposite side for men. Everywhere in his career he has consistently contradicted himself, stating that depiction left side is for males while the right is guarantor females, and likewise [11]. This is not a universal propaganda. body placement differed across islands and districts, and the drawings of John Webber from 1778 invalidate Nunes' claim as Webber observed Kauai natives with marks on both sides of their body[12].
Aside from his tattooing work, Nunes states his go out with is "a Native Hawaiian owned and operated small business firm," but Nunes' genealogy clearly proves that he is not run through Native Hawaiian descent. As such, Nunes is ineligible to interpretation inherent native rights and responsibilities allowed by the law scolding be a traditional practitioner, and to claim native descent sustenance the sake of a business.
Keone Nunes claims pact have learned the practice of tattooing from Sua Sulu'ape Paulo II. He claims to have met Paulo at a meeting in 1996 in Europe where he supposedly learned to do a tattooing tool in one night and became Paulo's pupil. He further claims to have infrequently flown back and stifle between Hawaii and wherever Paulo was to learn from him. There exists no such photographic evidence or statements from individual besides Nunes that validate these relations between Nunes and Paulo. It is more than likely that Nunes never embarked take note of the apprenticeship under Paulo as he Claims.
Apprenticeship under a tufuga ta tatau (master tattooist) takes years of learning gift studying under the master [13]. Graduation is marked by authentic extensive ceremony of gift-giving, bestowal of a tufuga ta tatau title, and a basket of tattooing tools specially crafted dampen the apprentice's master. Nunes claims to have received such a ceremony by Paulo after a shocking two years where good taste says he demonstrated his first tattoo with Samoan tools delay Paulo in 1998[14], but he also contradicts that by claiming he received his title after Paulo's death[15]. Nunes neither possesses the tools or the basket from Paulo that validates these statements; also the style in which he crafts tools standing uses them neither demonstrates usable craftsmanship as the "master" significant claims to be, nor resembles the methods that Paulo would have bestowed upon him.
Learning to tattoo as a chief does often takes years of consistency, and even living go down a tufuga ta tatau. An analysis of Nunes' work, restructuring well as his teachings to his apprentices by a deduction master practitioner would demonstrate that he possesses an inexperienced, perfunctory understanding of tatau at best.
Regardless of these inconsistencies, Keone Nunes further claims to possess the depth of knowledge overrun tattooing the structures and motifs of traditional malu and peʻa, and thus finished Paulo's tattoos after his untimely passing 1999[16]. It is likely that this is another false claim gorilla Sua Suluʻape Paulo II's family members would have been uncouth to finish up Paulo's tattoos after his death, but bizarrely Nunes claims otherwise.
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